In line with the collaboration between the Rumanian People's Republic and the People's Republic of Mongolia regarding problems of cultivation, exploitation, and industrialization of timber, a group of Rumanian engineers went in January 1950 to the People's Republic of Mongolia. Few details are in general known about the forest economy of this distant country with its small but hard working population. We therefore appreciate the fact that the presentation of some aspects of the silviculture and forestry exploitation of the People's Republic of Mongolia will awaken the interest of the specialists in our country.